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Osteoporosis is a
disease that thins and weakens bones to the point where they break easily--especially
bones in the hip, spine, and wrist. Osteoporosis is called the "silent
disease" because you may not notice any symptoms. People can lose
bone over many years but not know they have osteoporosis until a bone
breaks. About 25 million Americans have osteoporosis--80 percent are women.
Experts do not fully
understand all the causes of osteoporosis. They do know that when women
go through menopause, levels of the female hormone estrogen drop. Lower
hormone levels can lead to bone loss and osteoporosis. Other causes of
bone loss and osteoporosis include a diet too low in calcium and not getting
enough exercise.
Who Gets Osteoporosis?
One out of two women
and one in eight men over age 50 will have an osteoporosis-related fracture.
White and Asian women are most likely to get osteoporosis. Women who have
a family history of osteoporosis, an early menopause, or who have small
body frames are at greatest risk. Men have less risk of getting osteoporosis
because they do not have the same kinds of hormone losses as women. Osteoporosis
can strike at any age but the risk increases as you get older.
Diagnosis
Losing height or breaking
a bone may be the first sign of osteoporosis. Doctors use several different
tests to find osteoporosis. The dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
is the most exact way to measure bone density in the wrist, hip, and lower
spine. Other tests the doctor may use include single photon absorptiometry,
dual energy absorptiometry, and quantitative computed tomography.
Ask your doctor about these tests if you think you are at risk for osteoporosis.
Prevention
Osteoporosis is preventable.
A diet that is rich in calcium and vitamin D and a lifestyle that includes
regular weight-bearing exercise are the best ways to prevent osteoporosis.
Calcium. Getting
enough calcium throughout life is important because it helps to build
and keep strong bones. Men and women age 25 to 65 should have 1,000 milligrams
(mg) of calcium every day. Women near or past menopause should have 1,500
mg of calcium daily. Make foods that are high in calcium part of your
diet. Healthy foods that are rich in calcium are:
- low-fat dairy products
such as cheese, yogurt, and milk
- canned fish with
bones you can eat, such as salmon and sardines
- dark-green leafy
vegetables, such as kale, collard, and broccoli
- breads made with
calcium-fortified flour.
If you don’t get enough
calcium from your food, you might think about taking a calcium supplement.
Always check with your doctor before taking any dietary supplement.
Vitamin D.
Your body uses vitamin D to absorb calcium. Being out in the sun for even
a short time every day gives most people enough vitamin D. You can also
get this vitamin from supplements, as well as from cereal and milk fortified
with vitamin D.
Exercise. Exercise
builds bone strength and helps prevent bone loss. It also helps older
people stay active and mobile. Weight-bearing exercises, done on a regular
basis, are best for preventing osteoporosis. Walking, jogging, and playing
tennis are all good weight-bearing exercises. Always check with your doctor
before starting an exercise program.
Treatment
Treatment of osteoporosis
aims to stop bone loss and prevent falls. Falls often cause broken bones
that can mean a trip to the hospital or a long-term disabling condition.
Osteoporosis is the cause of 1.5 million fractures each year, including
more than 300,000 hip fractures.
Doctors sometimes
prescribe estrogen to replace the hormones lost during menopause and to
slow the rate of bone loss. This treatment is called hormone replacement
therapy (HRT). HRT also protects against heart disease and stroke. However,
experts do not know all the risks of long-term use of HRT.
Women should discuss
benefits, risks, and possible side effects of HRT with their doctors.
Calcitonin is a naturally occurring hormone that increases bone density
in the spine and can reduce pain of fractures. It comes in two forms--injection
or nasal sprays. You can also ask your doctor about the drug alendronate.
This drug increases bone mass in women past menopause.
The best way to prevent
osteoporosis is to be aware of the disease and to live a healthy lifestyle.
If you think you might be at risk for osteoporosis, talk to your doctor.
Ask about the bone density tests available in your area and your prevention
and treatment choices.
Resources
National Osteoporosis
Foundation
1150 17th Street, NW, Suite 602
Washington, DC 20036-2226
1-800-223-9994
National Resource
Center on Osteoporosis and Related Diseases
1-800-624-BONE (2663)
TTY (202) 223-0344
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