| You
may be surprised if your doctor says you have high blood pressure (HBP)
because it does not cause symptoms and you can have it even though you feel
fine. But HBP is a serious condition that can lead to stroke, heart disease,
kidney failure, and other health problems. The good news is that there are
simple ways to control it.
What Is HBP?
As blood flows from the heart out to the blood vessels, it creates pressure
against the blood vessel walls. Your blood pressure reading is a measure
of this pressure. When that reading goes above a certain point, it is
called high blood pressure. Hypertension is another name for HBP.
As many as 50 million
Americans may have HBP. Among people age 65 and older, about 40 percent
of Whites and 50 percent of Blacks have HBP.
How Is It Tested?
To test blood pressure, a doctor or nurse places a cuff around your arm
above the elbow, pumps air into the cuff, and then reads the measurements
as the air is let out. The test is painless and takes only a few minutes.
Your blood pressure
measurement may be taken several times. You may be asked to stand one
time and sit another. If your blood pressure is high the first day, the
doctor will want measurements from different days before deciding whether
you really have high blood pressure. These steps are needed because blood
pressure changes so quickly. Also, it is affected by many things, including
the normal feelings of worry during a visit to the doctor.
Because HBP is so
common, everyone should have his or her blood pressure tested once a year.
Blood pressure readings are given in two numbers. Although the average
blood pressure reading for adults is 120/80, a slightly higher or lower
reading (for either number) may not be a problem. If blood pressure goes
above 140/90, however, some form of treatment diet or drugs may be needed.
Lower blood pressure readings (for example, 110/70) are thought to be
safe for most people.
What If Just The
First Number Is High?
Often in older adults the first number (the upper or systolic number)
is high while the second (the lower or diastolic) number is normal. This
condition is called isolated systolic hypertension, and it also should
be treated. Studies prove that lowering the systolic number cuts down
on strokes and heart attacks in people age 60 and over.
What Causes HBP?
Some cases of HBP are caused by other illnesses. This kind of HBP is called
secondary hypertension, and it is often cured once the original medical
problem is cured. Most HBP, however, is essential or primary hypertension.
This kind cannot be cured but can be kept under control by regular, ongoing
treatment.
Doctors think that
many things combine to cause HBP. Being overweight, drinking too much
alcohol, and eating too much salt are risk factors because they raise
your risk of having HBP. They do not cause it directly.
Blood pressure goes
up in all people during periods of stress or exercise. But avoiding stress
will not prevent high blood pressure. You can have HBP even though you
are usually a calm, relaxed person.
How Is HBP Treated?
If you have mild HBP, your doctor may suggest that you lose weight and
keep it off, eat less salt, cut down on alcohol, and get more exercise.
You may bring your blood pressure down simply by following this advice.
Even if medicine is needed, these daily habits may help it work better.
Some people think
that when their blood pressure comes down, they no longer need treatment.
If your doctor has prescribed medicine, you may have to take it for the
rest of your life. Later on, though, you may be able to take less of it.
Can HBP Be Prevented?
There is now good evidence that HBP can be prevented in many people. The
keys to prevention are:
- Keeping your weight
moderate;
- Cutting down on
salt;
- Exercising regularly;
and
- If you drink, having
no more than two drinks a day.
HBP Checklist
- HBP may not make
you feel sick, but it is serious and should be treated by a doctor.
- You can bring down
your blood pressure with changes in diet and daily habits and by taking
medicines if necessary.
- Losing weight,
cutting down on salt and alcohol, and getting regular exercise may be
helpful, but only as suggested by your doctor. Do not assume these are
substitutes for medicine unless your doctor says they are.
- If one day’s dose
of medicine is missed, do not double up the next day. Instead, call
your doctor for advice.
- Take your medicine
at the same time each day-for example, in the morning or evening after
brushing teeth to help set a regular, easy to remember routine.
Resources
For more information
on HBP, contact:
National Heart,
Lung, and Blood Information Center
P.O. Box 30105
Bethesda, MD 20824-0105
301-251-1222
For more information
about health and aging, including nutrition, exercise, and smoking, contact:
The National Institute
on Aging Information Center
P.O. Box 8057
Gaithersburg, MD 20898-8057
1-800-222-2225
1-800-222-4225 (TTY)
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